Showing posts with label coinsurance. Show all posts
Showing posts with label coinsurance. Show all posts

Monday, October 1, 2012

Understanding Car Insurance

By: Denis Yates


Motor Vehicle Insurance Basics

Understanding car insurance is not a subject the majority of people would be the slightest bit interested in. Generally speaking, this is down to the fact that motoring insurance is something you must have, as required by law and, for the better part the only real interest shown in motor vehicle insurance basics is how much it is going to cost.

Cost of Automotive Insurance
If you are one of those people believing that you are the safest person on the road and, therefore need only the least insurance coverage available, you are missing the point.

Basic motor insurance, that which you are required to have by law in most countries, will not necessarily cover you if anyone else is in an accident in which you are involved.

The perfect driving record will not exempt you from getting injured, or, heaven forbid killed, in an automobile accident. The best driving record in the world will not help you from the cemetery.

Being covered for the bare legal minimum of auto insurance, without actually understanding what this means, could leave you open to all sorts of liabilities in the event of an accident.

Knowing more than the basics about motor insurance, will be beneficial in the long run. Having as much information about automotive insurance as you can stand, will at least show you that you need as much as you can get.

Let us imagine that you have just run into a parked car. Do you know whether or not the minimum legal insurance covers you for this? Remembering that this legal minimum can differ from state to state and country.

Understanding Car Insurance Categories
Vehicle insurance coverage basics usually available.

No-fault Law.
With the basic legal minimum of auto insurance, you are covered if you are at fault or not. This will cover your medical costs, up to an amount specified by your particular insurer.

Personal Injury Protection.
Up to an amount pre-determined by your policy and insurer, all of your medical bills, hospital costs, and funeral expenses, will be covered. Included in this, is anybody inside or outside of your car, that were injured as a direct result of the incident.

Bodily Injury Liability.
Any death or injury resulting from an incident you are responsible for as the owner of the car involved, is covered by Bodily Injury Liability. Also covered will be expenses for loss of income, long-term care, hospitalization pain and suffering, rehabilitation, and so on.

Property Damage Liability.
This insurance covers you if you cause damage to someone's property other than your own, with your vehicle. Said property may be in the form of any type of vehicle, any part of a house or the property within it, such as fences, fountains, etc. Property Damage Liability and Bodily Injury Liability are usually combined, depending on your country.

Full Coverage.
Precisely that, full, comprehensive insurance protection.

Uninsured Motorist.
Uninsured Motorist covers injuries to you and any passengers in your car, when the other motorist in the incident is at fault but does not have insurance or, lacks sufficient motor insurance coverage.

Medical Only.
Medical expense for yourself and any passengers, in a car owned by you.

If you can comfortably spare the expense of full, comprehensive, auto insurance coverage, then do so. If your insurance cover is pre-determined by how much your finances can bear, then so be it, there is no shame here.

You need to get the coverage that suits your situation. If you get less than you easily have enough for, in the event of an incident you may find you have ultimately left yourself in the lurch.

Understanding vehicle insurance coverage basics, can only be beneficial to you, should you be caught up in an accident. Being unaware of the differences in the types of automobile insurance coverage available, could leave you in dire straights if you thought all insurance was the same and only got covered for the barest minimum.

The primary reason for this article is to give any reader further information than they may already have, concerning understanding car insurance. This is not a legal document and can not be used as a legal reference, either.

Monday, September 24, 2012

Curing the Healthcare Crisis

Empowering patients and caregivers

by John C. Goodman, Ph.D.

Designing Ideal Health Insurance

Current insurance models don't utilize such things as informed patients. Published on September 24, 2012 by John C. Goodman, Ph.D. in Curing the Healthcare Crisis

The modern era has inherited two models of health insurance: the fee-for-service model and the HMO model. Both models create perverse incentives for patients and their doctors.
As I wrote in my recent book, Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis, virtually all recent variations on these two models are attempts to ameliorate and control those perverse incentives—usually by introducing features that have a new set of perverse incentives. It is probably no exaggeration to say that the evolution of health insurance is one of cascading perversions, with each new wave of design trying to overcome the bad outcomes of the previous designs.
Under the fee-for-service model, insurance is designed to pay a separate fee for each service rendered, with patients responsible for some portion of the fee— in the form of a deductible, coinsurance or co-payment amount. Under the HMO model, providers receive a fixed fee, irrespective of the amount of service rendered.
When healthcare is perceived as free (the HMO model), patients will have an incentive to consume it until its value at the margin approaches zero. Since the cost of care is well above zero, this implies that unconstrained patients will consume healthcare resources very wastefully. The deductibles and co-insurance that are features of a typical fee-for-service plan are only a small improvement on these distorted incentives. If patients pay 20 percent of the bill, for example, their incentive is to consume care until its value at the margin is worth only 20 cents on the dollar.
On the provider side, the fee-for-service model encourages overprovision— since more service results in higher income for the doctor, hospital or other supplier of care. The HMO model, by contrast, encourages underprovision, since any portion of the fixed fee that is not spent on medical care is available to the providers as take home pay or some other form of compensation.
Readers may wonder why either model was ever found appealing to anyone in the past. The short answer is that both models are the product of the technocratic approach to healthcare I discussed earlier in my book. Both, in other words, ignore economic incentives.
Both models, for example, implicitly assume that (1) the amount of sickness is limited and largely outside the control of the insured, (2) methods of treating illness are limited and well defined, and (3) because of patient ignorance and asymmetry of information, treatment decisions will always be filtered by physicians, who will make decisions based on their own knowledge and experience or clinical practice guidelines. In this way, both models implicitly assume—one way or another—that economic incentives can be ignored.
Although the HMO model is often viewed as the more contemporary, it is actually less compatible with the changes the medical marketplace is undergoing. The traditional HMO model is fundamentally based on patient ignorance. The basic idea is a simple one: make healthcare free at the point of consumption and control costs by having physicians ration care, eliminating options that are judged “unnecessary” or at least not “cost effective.”
But this model works only as long as patients are willing to accept their doctor’s opinion. And that only works as long as patients are unaware of other (possibly more expensive) options.
However, an explosion of technological innovation and the rapid diffusion of knowledge about the potential of medical science to diagnose and treat disease have rendered these assumptions obsolete.
We could spend our entire gross domestic product on healthcare in useful ways. In fact, we could probably spend the entire GDP on diagnostic tests alone—without ever treating a real disease. The new reality is that patients are becoming as informed as their doctors—not about how to practice medicine, but about how the practice of medicine can benefit them. Combine the potential of modern medicine to benefit patients with a general awareness of these benefits and zero out-of-pocket payments, and the HMO model is simply courting disaster. The fee-for-service model is only a slight improvement.
Some believe that managed care and practice guidelines can solve these problems. Imagine grocery insurance that allows you to buy all the groceries you need; but as you stroll down the supermarket aisle, you are confronted with a team of bureaucrats, prepared to argue over your every purchase. Would anyone want to buy such a policy? Traditional health insurance isn’t designed to work much better.
Accordingly, I propose a new approach. It combines an old concept, casualty insurance, with two relatively new concepts: universal Health Savings Accounts (to control demand) and a proliferation of centers of excellence or “focused factories” (to control supply). I will be posting more on this later. I believe this is the approach that would naturally emerge if we relied on markets, rather than regulators, to solve our problems.

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Wednesday, September 5, 2012

2012 Insurance Awards


Best Insurance Company, Argentina
QBE Seguros
Best Insurance Company, Austria
Assicurazioni Generali
Best Insurance Company, Bahrain
Bahrain National Holding Company
Best Insurance Company, Belgium
AXA
Best Insurance Company, Brazil
ACE Seguradora
Best Insurance Company, Bulgaria
DZI
Best Insurance Company, Canada
Intact
Best Insurance Company, Caribbean
Seguros Banreservas
Best Insurance Company, Chile
Asociación Chilena de Seguridad
Best Insurance Company, China
Ping An Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Colombia
Previsora Seguros
Best Insurance Company, Croatia
Allianz
Best Insurance Company, Czech Republic
Komerční Pojišt’ovna
Best Insurance Company, Denmark
Topdanmark
Best Insurance Company, Ecuador
Ace Seguros
Best Insurance Company, Egypt
Misr Insurance Company
Best Insurance Company, France
BNP Paribas Cardif
Best Insurance Company, Finland
Sampo Group
Best Insurance Company, Germany
Allianz
Best Insurance Company, Greece
InterAmerican Group
Best Insurance Company, Hong Kong
AIA
Best Insurance Company, Hungary
ING Life Insurance
Best Insurance Company, India
New India Assurance
Best Insurance Company, Indonesia
PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero)
Best Insurance Company, Italy
Intesa Vita
Best Insurance Company, Ireland
Aviva
Best Insurance Company, Jordan
Arab Orient Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Kazakhstan
Eurasia Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Kuwait
Gulf Insurance Company
Best Insurance Company, Lebanon
MedGulf
Best Insurance Company, Luxembourg
Groupe La Luxembourgeoise
Best Insurance Company, Malaysia
Kurnia Insurans Berhad
Best Insurance Company, Mexico
Qualitas Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Morocco
CNIA SAADA Assurance
Best Insurance Company, Netherlands
Menzis
Best Insurance Company, Norway
SpareBank 1
Best Insurance Company, Oman
Al-Ahlia Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Pakistan
EFU Life
Best Insurance Company, Peru
Rimac Seguros
Best Insurance Company, Philippines
Chartis
Best Insurance Company, Poland
PZU
Best Insurance Company, Portugal
BES Vida
Best Insurance Company, Qatar
QIC Group
Best Insurance Company, Russia
Ingosstrakh
Best Insurance Company, Saudi Arabia
MedGulf
Best Insurance Company, Serbia
UNIQA osiguranje
Best Insurance Company, Singapore
AIA
Best Insurance Company, Slovakia
Generali Slovensko
Best Insurance Company, Slovenia
Triglav
Best Insurance Company, South Africa
Hollard
Best Insurance Company, South Korea
Samsung Life Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Spain
VidaCaixa Grupo
Best Insurance Company, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation
Best Insurance Company, Sweden
Avanza Bank
Best Insurance Company, Switzerland
Zurich
Best Insurance Company, Taiwan
Fubon Life Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Thailand
Viriyah Insurance
Best Insurance Company, Turkey
Groupama Sigorta
Best Insurance Company, Ukraine
AXA
Best Insurance Company, UAE
Oman Insurance Company
Best Insurance Company, UK
Legal & General
Best Insurance Company, USA
MetLife
Best Insurance Company, Venezuela
Seguros Mapfre
Best Insurance Company, Vietnam
PetroVietnam Insurance

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